BUS Unit 3 Final Submission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

BUS Unit 3 Final Submission - Essay Example The author thereby recommends establishing appropriate trade system laws which will prevent conflict between international organizations and national interests. In general, the article was able to answer the questions in a concise, but substantive, manner. The essay was able to clearly explain the different threats of international trade to workers. The first threat is the heavy reliance on trade which can undermine the economy and damage employment opportunities; second is the threat of losing comparative advantage which can consequently negatively affect the employment sector; and, third is the oppressive and exploitative working conditions that international trade demands. The author then brings in a suitable solution to these problems—a policymaking process that focuses on workers’ health and safety. However, the essay failed to explain the other side of international trade, which is its benefits to workers, especially to those living in underdeveloped countries. In an expository essay, it is important to take into consideration both sides of the

Maintenance of fish diversity on disturbed coral reefs Article

Maintenance of fish diversity on disturbed coral reefs - Article Example However, other studies have also shown that certain types of disturbances such as coral disease and bleaching, during which the structural complexity of the coral reefs are maintained, may actually not cause any change in species richness thus stressing the point that the extent of habitat damage and the condition of the reef will determine the fish species richness. The study analyzed the data collected from surveys carried out for a period of 11 years to determine the effect of various disturbances on the coral cover, structural complexity of the reef and diversity of the fishes. The biological and physical changes in coral reef and its consequent effect on the reef fish community were analyzed. The study encompassed documenting the changes occurring in the coral cover, structural complexity and species richness in 10 reefs along the GBR. The major disturbances that were found to occur during the study period included COTS outbreaks, storms and coral bleaching. Disturbed reefs coll ected from 47 areas which were subjected to such disturbances were used for the study.

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analyzing Psychological Disorders - Term Paper Example Courses of treatment based on this model are proposed in both case studies. In the end, this paper points to the more balanced perspective of biopsychology as offering more possibilities for effective treatment of mental illness. Introduction The human body is a team of components working together as a whole entity. Therefore, in understanding mental illness, we must not compartmentalize as separate functions the biological and experiential processes operating in persons presenting themselves to us with psychological issues. The experience of a person offers an environment, a history, and a perspective essential to a thorough understanding of his biological components. The biological processes of the human body are essential in the understanding and treatment of mental illness especially the central nervous system, brain functioning, and neurotransmitter activity. Their interactions have a crucial impact on a person’s psychological health, affecting how he or she perceives and lives life. Part A: Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is the most complex of the mental illnesses in its causality, symptomology, and treatment. Yet, an understanding of the neurological and biological functioning of the brain can not only assist medical professionals in finding and applying the best treatments, but also assist patients in coping with the illness in a positive and productive way. (Frese, 1993) The most common symptoms of schizophrenia include: auditory hallucinations, delusions of persecution and/or control or delusions of grandeur, disorganized thinking and speech, flat affect (consistently showing little or no emotion), and inappropriate behavior (such as social isolation or catatonia). (See Pinel pg. 457) Two of these symptoms must be present for at least 30 days to meet criteria for a diagnosis of schizophrenia, and ideally a thorough physical examination including diagnostic testing should be administered to rule out any other possible diagnoses. (Haycock, 2009) Som e of the diagnostic testing that includes brain imaging technologies such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and PET (positron emission tomography) scans has also clearly shown that the frontal and temporal lobes and the amygdala are the areas of the brain most altered in schizophrenia patients. (Kircher, et al. 2006, pg 302) Studies that include brain imaging technologies have shown that the connectivity between these regions of the brain is dysfunctional. (Tregallas, 2009) They have also shown both gray and white brain matter volume abnormalities in schizophrenic patients. (Lim, 2007) In addition, there are also abnormalities in the neurotransmitter systems regulating brain function; the first discovered abnormality being the presence and transmission of dopamine. The neural basis for understanding and treating schizophrenia began with the â€Å"dopamine theory† (see Pinel, pg 458) that schizophrenia is caused by excessively high dopamine levels in the brain. As research c ontinued in the effects of the drugs given to schizophrenia patients, it was discovered that while some drugs deplete the supply of dopamine, others bind themselves to dopamine receptors effectively blocking the ability of dopamine to activate them. This blocking of the dopamine activity sends a signal to the brain to produce more dopamine which is then broken down in the synapse resulting in an

Stigma and discrimination add to the suffering and disability Essay

Stigma and discrimination add to the suffering and disability associated with mental disorders - Essay Example Patients of mental conditions, their friends, families and health care workers such as nurses concur that these patients are exposed to quite high levels of social stigma and discrimination due to their mental ill health (Margaret & Janine, 2011). These discriminations and stigma make it rather difficult for mentally ill people to recover and worsens their pains and suffering.Given the prevalence of mental health conditions in current society, the effects of stigma and discrimination on mental patients can be said to affect a rather large portion of the population That is, these problems extend to and affect mental health patients’ friends, families, colleagues, care providers and the larger society. In the UK, statistics show that about one in four people are likely to experience a mental health problem at some stage in their lives. Globally, there are 450 million people with mental health problems (Patel & Prince, 2012). On a rather positive note, most victims of mental illn esses recover fully to live and manage normal lives, especially when they get appropriate and timely help. The social stigma associated with mental illnesses has been closely associated with the discrimination that mentally ill people face in different aspects of their lives (Corrigan & Kleinlein, 2005). Notably, many of these patients’ pain, suffering and other problems are worsened by the stigma and the resultant discrimination they experience from the public and their families, friends, colleagues and employers (Kitchener & Jorm, 2002).This study seeks to explore the extent to which stigmatization and discrimination add to the suffering and disabilities of the mentally ill. Rationale/Background/Justification From literatures and studies conducted in the field of mental health with reference to stigma and discrimination, it is quite clear that the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill really aggravate their suffering, exacerbate their disabilities and reduce t heir chances of partial or full recovery. In other words, stigma and discrimination not only worsen these patients’ health problems but also impede their receipt of assistance, treatment and recovery (Hilton, 2006). The other effects of mental-health stigma and discrimination are social isolation, poor housing, unemployment and poverty (Burke, 2010). Purpose of the Study 1. Establish the existence and the severity of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society 2. Explore the various causes of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society 3. Explore the extent to which the subject of the stigma and discrimination faced by the mentally ill in society has been researched 4. Propose techniques by which stakeholders such as nurses, families, friends, governments, institutions and NGOs may combine efforts to reduced this stigma and discrimination Research Question Do the stigma and discrimination faced by mental health patients add to the ir suffering and disabilities? Keywords Stigma, mental disorders, discrimination, disabilities, suffering, mental illness, Stereotypes Literature Review The methodology to be used in searching literatures in this research will encompass diverse categories of print and non-print resources that focus on the issues and subjects of mental health, mental illnesses, stigma and discrimination and their effects on mental health patients, their friends, families and caregivers. Other subjects to be focused on will be the extent to which stigma and discrimination affect the recovery of mental health patients and the future prospects for mental health stakeholders with regards to the stigmatization and discrimination that the mentally ill face (Weare, 2000). Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria The accessed and reviewed literatures will have to meet certain rigorous exclusion and

Effects of Mortgage Problems in Todays Economy on the Business of Real Essay

Effects of Mortgage Problems in Todays Economy on the Business of Real Estate Appraisal and Sales - Essay Example When considering the historical data, the prevailing rates for a 30-year fixed loan, is extremely lower and the mortgage lenders are facing problems to setoff their losses from real estate business. Location factor is the basis of mortgage business and it is now assuming greater significance in today’s housing market. Thus there exist differential rates of growth in the mortgage industry. Mortgage lenders face serious financial problems such as default from borrowers on repaying loan installments in time and such instances of nonpayment had severe implications in the housing market and real estate industry. Mortgage business is based on lending of mortgage loans to the clients. Thus, falling house prices in the US economy will result in immense losses on the mortgages the companies own as security for loan issued, and thus the loan given out on the basis of such securities also suffer higher risk. This higher risk in security investment will influence individuals and institutions like pension funds, hedge funds, insurance companies and banks negatively. Therefore these institutions compelled to stop buying the residential mortgages from mortgage lenders. Thus the mortgage industry will suffer from lack of financial resources and the home buyers are also restricted from getting loans. Investment is the basis of the real estate market. The report on real estate business shows that the values for homes across the country are showing a declining trend and the real estate appraisers are suffering increased pressure from real estate agents and mortgage brokers to show the asset values at a higher rate in order to increase sales. Control measures for followed by the real estate agents and mortgage brokers by compelling the appraisers to artificially increase the property values, which also affect the mortgage business badly. Due to the increased pressure from mortgage brokers, appraisers give over value report on the asset on mortgage. The authenticity of their valuation seems to lack reliability and the customers hardly trust it. This affects their further business growth badly. The mortgage lenders are facing problems with default in repayment of loan installments and they are not in a position to retain the loan from the securities which are overvalued through the influence of brokers. (Kerr). As per the new regulations in the US mortgage industry, banks and mortgage brokers are required to order all appraisals through an independent third party. This third party is required to order the appraisal from a licensed appraiser, and he selects only those who agree to do it for the lowest rate without any quality constraints. This provides advantages and disadvantageous in the mortgage industry. The new regulations help the borrowers to get the appraisal price at reduced level. Due to the elimination of upfront communication between the lender and the appraiser, the problems arising from such communications in the mortgage industry can also be reduced. A consequence of this new regulation is that only lowest priced appraisers are accepted by borrowers while most of the qualified appraisers are avoided. Thus in the real estate market, there may only be the lower priced appraisers. Thus local appraisers, charging a little higher price has to do their quality work in a very special ized market. This new system also creates other problems for the mortgage busi

Human Rights and Communication Essay Example for Free

Human Rights and Communication Essay Every individual has a right to communication and we are governed by standards and codes of practice to ensure that these needs are met. Communication is a basic human right, without communication the individual is unable to realise or exercise their rights. Under the human rights act 1998 all people have the right to ‘freedom of expression’. 1. 2 When working with service users who have specific communication needs it is important to have a good understanding of what their needs are, so they can be supported and encouraged in everyday activities. If I didn’t understand their specific communication needs, I would not be able to communicate fully with the individual, their needs would be unmet and basic skills of effective communication may be forgotten. 1. 3 The environment I am in is important for communication towards service users. If I am communicating with a service user that has hearing loss or poor sight the lighting needs to be sufficient enough for them to see clearly or lip read. Background noise may hinder communication between the service user and I as they may get distracted by the noises and not hear what is being said. Positioning is important so that the service user and I can both see the body language and facial expressions between ourselves. All these can be helpful with effective communication. 1. 4 Some service users because of certain health conditions have their own way of communicating; this can be due to hearing difficulties, in which case they will use sign language. Another could be because of learning problems and these people use a form of body language, some might use their eyes whilst others communicate by making facial expressions, sounds or even pointing. A further reason could be due to a severe medical condition and in some of these cases the individual can learn to use electronic equipment to communicate. 1. 5 No matter what a person’s disability if it affects their communication they will need help and support to express them in a way that will make them to be understood. Some forms of communication aids are listed below:- Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) most of us use this form one way or another every day without thinking about it. Objects, photographs, symbols Hearing aids British sign language (BSL) Makaton, which is used to help those who have difficulty in forming words Braille Picture exchange communication systems (PECS) Pen and paper Touch Translator Interpreters 1. 6 When having difficulties in expressing yourself it can lead to becoming distressed and agitated, without the right communication aids to help their needs they may become depressed, isolated and withdrawn, which can change their behaviour to frustration, violence and acts of anger. Some people may give up trying to communicate altogether which can end up having their rights denied as they weren’t given the right communication aids, support or listened to in the first place. 2 2. 3 It is important to access information for specific communication needs so that you can support the person in the best possible way. In my work setting before the service users arrive we are sent a care plan of the needs they may have, if they use any communication aids, I will then talk to the individual to try and get any extra information, also talking to the family/carers, friends and other professionals involved in their care. Internet can be useful when you are unsure of a certain illness, disability or communication aid an individual may have. As their needs change so will their care plan. 5 5. 1 As electronics are ever increasing and upgrading so have various aids to support communication and promote independence. Example, people with sight loss can have access to talking microwaves, talking clocks, talking photo albums and talking books. Also there is a lightwriter which is a portable device which the user types what they want to say and it says it for them, this is handy for those who have trouble getting their words out or cannot speak at all. 5. 2 There is support and training available to help an individual use communication aids, this is important to ensure they are using it properly. In many cases the aid fails because the individual received little or no support in setting up the aid. Training is important to the individual, staff, family and friends, the training can continue for a while as their needs change so might the aid to help them. It is important that the communication aid is set up properly, if not this may result in a fault with the aid and the aid not being used to its full potential. With all electrical aids a qualified electrician must check all pieces to ensure they work properly and are fit for use. The aid needs to be charged at all times and ready for use else the individual may lose communication halfway through a conversation which can then affect the behaviour of the individual by becoming frustrated and angry.

The Relation of Media and Diet between all Female Essay Example for Free

The Relation of Media and Diet between all Female Essay Introduction Problem and its Background Media plays a strong influence on our current social, physical, cultural, spiritual and emotional environment. It is undeniable fact that such intervention has played its utmost part in the development of human culture and society. The various concepts, and colliding ideas and principles are all part of media’s extensive influences. The power of such images flashed in televisions, advertisements, newspapers, and many forms of information relaying system have attained easy formations of trends and social patterns that are primarily an influential figure in the society. Most often than not, these fad triggers the fashion trends, social perspective establishments and most of all, beliefs and concepts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As for this paper, the topic mainly involves the formation of such fad in diet by the influences dealt by every form of media. The social patterns are easily distinguished; however, plays a complex move of action among issues involved. Diet is one of the primary influence products of the media. There are various factors that create such fad and trigger it in the society. Most often than not, these factors captivate the attention and the curiosity of these health-conscious or in worst case, eating impaired individuals or those with eating disorders, and subjects them in such trends of diet. Scope and Limitations  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the course of this paper, the following questions are answered using a comprehensive interpretation and analysis that are incorporated in the whole discussion. Each statement is supported by objective data that involves such causation. The following are the objectives of the study imposed in this paper. These queries serve as the primary scope and limitations, as well as objective of the whole study; hence, the whole study revolves only in these posted queries. Do the media play and evident role in terms of influence towards the diet patterns established in the individuals particularly females? If so, provide basis and supporting data in these claims. What are the specific forms of media that affect the formation of such diet trends and primarily influences females? Discussion Historical Perspective Throughout the twentieth century, we can observe many changes in the world of the fashion, beauty industry and most especially diet regimen that are primarily marketed most significantly to women. In specific angles, the physical shape and characteristics of the women portrayed in advertisements have greatly influenced the perspective of the women in today’s time. The female image in the media has changed from being voluptuous and curvaceous in the 1940’s and 1950’s to becoming busty and narrow-hipped from late 1960’s through the 1980’s (Straight 2005, p.12). Today the fad of physical appearance is most evidently slim with manifesting curvatures. These physical appearance has greatly molded the type of diet instilled to women especially those who are very much indulged in achieving such body form. The obsession of such fad has started its move in North America dated 1920’s. the creation   of such fad, which is having an appropriately sized and proportioned body, have increased the women’s self value and esteem from herself, peers, opposite sex and the community itself. Therefore, in order to maintain such physical feature, women require themselves to focus on the rightful diet regimen utilized as well by the fad model in which they patterned their physical interest (Straight 2005, p.13). Media Influences Diet Media is not only limited to visual entertainment but also literature, which is also an influencing factor for diet regimen for females. Diet books, as a genre, became particularly one of the fads in 1950’s and 1960’s, and are considered to be one of the main influencing form of media that influences diet. During this time, some of the best-seller books that have been published are Calories Don’t Count, The Quick Weight Loss Diet and Dr. Atkin’s Diet Revolution, all of which have sold millions of copies, making their authors more like celebrities in their own right through promising readers a way to lose weight quickly and easily (Seale, 2002 p.193). In fact, weight loss programs, diet books, and media advertisements for diet products gave been greatly increasing and expanding now a days. Women are treating these forms of media as their cosmetic fad or indulgence. The fact is diet Medias is one of the increasing multibillion-dollar industries in our current time. As diet commercials have increased, the body size of Playboy centerfolds and Miss America contestants has decreased to the point where many of these individuals, according to the latest research evidences, meet the weight criteria for anorexia nervosa, which is an eating disorder characterized by psychological disinterest of eating due to excessive consciousness in weight and body image (Costin, 1999 p.54). In addition to this scenario, celebrity exercises and diet videos, and computer software are becoming part of the media’s diet revolution. Since these celebrity icons and famous personalities provide public attraction to the regimen being endorsed, the media has been utilizing these in order to gain their consumer’s trust. With a few positive role models for fat people, and stress on an increasingly thin ideal female body shape, it is understandable that a number of researchers have been concerned to establish links between media portrayals, diet regimen itself, and eating disorders. The results have obtained out of these studies, and show that such influence really exists, or at least symbiotically related to body shape ideals that circulate in the culture (Seale, 2002 p.193). The media now carries a wealth of messages that reinforce thinness. Another study found that media exposure has been directly and indirectly linked to occurrence of signs and symptoms of various eating disorders, internalization of ideal-body stereotypes, and gender-role endorsement (Perse, 2001 p.183). Another study enforces that these medias utilized in the United States induces dissatisfaction with body shape; hence, providing motivational reason for these individuals to engage in such king of diet routine (Seale, 2002 p.193). Conclusion In the end of the statement, it has been proved that media plays a significant role that affects motivation, indulgence, and interest of these diet regimens. Such fad has been induced by media long before history can tell, and as the media evolves, it continues to produce another varying image that conforms to what society prefers according to the advertisements placed by these media. However, the concept of this fad has been linked to various eating disorders, concluding that such influence of media can be either beneficial or destructive. Reference Straight, B. A. (2005). The Two Finger Diet: How the Media Has Duped Women Into Hating Themselves. iUniverse. Seale, C. (2002). Media and Health. Sage Publications Inc. Costin, C. (1999). The Eating Disorder Sourcebook: A Comprehensive Guide to the Causes, Treatments and Preventions of Eating Disorder. McGraw-Hill Professional. Perse, E. M. (2001). Media Effects and Society. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.